Immediate Verb Stem (IMM)
Immediate Verb Stem can present an action that recently took place in the recent past or used as a command to express an action that should be done soon. When used to indicate what should be done soon hypothetically, the Irrealis Prepronominal Prefix is used. Remember the Irrealis Prepronominal Prefix (IRR) yi – prefix used to state the event is hypothetical and to negate verbs. It has a y – variant before vowels.
ᎩᎳᏩᏳᏍᏗ ᎣᏣᎴᎾ
kilawayusdi otsalena
kilawayúúsdi oòjaleéna
kilawayúúsdi oòjii-aleéna
moment ago 1A.PL.EX-start(I):IMM
We just started. / We just started a moment ago.
1A.PL.EX – First Person Set A Plural Exclusive Pronominal Prefix
(I) – Intransitive
ᎦᏙ ᎠᎾᏛᎦ
gado anadvga
gado aàn(a)dvvga
gado anii-advvga
what 3A.NS-do:IMM
What did they do?
3A.NS – Third Person Set A Nonsingular Pronominal Prefix
To form commands:
ᎯᎲᎦ
hihvga
hihvvga
hi-hvvga
2A-set down:IMM
Set it down!
2A – Second Person Set A Pronominal Prefix
ᎭᎵᏍᏇᏚᎩ ᏥᎪᎵᏯ
halisquedugi tsigoliya
hal(i)sgweetuhgi jigooliíya
hi-alisgweetuhgi ji-gooliíya
2A-take hat off:IMM 1A-examine:IMM
Take your hat off. Let Me look at it.
The Immediate Verb Stem is also used to refer to events that will / could happen; as well as to the ability to perform the action. The Immediate Verb Stem is used with the Irrealis Prepronominal Prefix yi – to perform this functions.
ᏱᎾᏛᎦ ᎠᏗ
yinadvga adi
yinaadvvg(a) aàdi
yi-ni-a-advvga a-adi
IRR-NI-3A-do:IMM 3A-say:PRC
He says he will do it. / He will do it he says.
IRR – Irrealis Prepronominal Prefix (yi – prefix used to state the event is hypothetical and to negate verbs. It has a y – variant before vowels)
NI – NI Prepronominal Prefix (ni- indicates the meaning: it, already, and almost. When used with the negative deverbalizer it creates a subordinate verb or an adjective out of the verb. It is also frozen on some common verbs and nouns. It has a variant form n- before vowels. NI has a second form i- / yi- that appears on Infinitive Verb Stems and derived forms. The variant form is iy- before vowels)
3A – Third Person Set A Pronominal Prefix
ᎡᎵᏊ ᏔᎵ ᎢᏯᏔᏬᏍᏔᏅ ᏱᎨᏓ ᎠᎹᏱ ᎭᏫᏂ
eliquu tali iyatawostanv yigeda amayi hawini
eelíígwu taʔli iyátahwoòstanv yigeéda amaáyi hawííni
eelíígwu taʔli iyátahwoòstanv yi-ji-eéda amaáyi hawííni
possible two minute IRR-1A-be at:IMM in water under
I can stay under water for two minutes. / I can be under water for possibly two minutes.
IRR – Irrealis Prepronominal Prefix (yi – prefix used to state the event is hypothetical and to negate verbs. It has a y – variant before vowels)
1A – First Person Set A Pronominal Prefix
Immediate Verb Stem takes two distinct forms of the Distributive Prepronominal Prefix (DST).
If a past or future meaning is needed, the form de – (dee-) is used.
ᎩᎳᏭ ᏕᎯᎪᎵᏯ
kilawu dehigoliya
kilawu deehígooliíya
kila=wu dee-hí-gooliíya
just now=DT DST-2A-examine:IMM
DT – Delimiter Postfix (=quu (=gwu) sometimes shortened to =wu, =wv, =w and full form is =squu (=sgwu) expresses only or just. Delimiter Postfix is often emphatic)
DST – Distributive Prepronominal Prefix (de – (dee-) used to indicate nonsingular objects or multiple instances of an action. Distributive has three variants depending on the other prefixes used d-, di-, and do- (doo-). There is a secondary form di – on adjectives, most nouns, and command form of the Immediate Verb Stem and all Infinitive Verb Stems. The variant forms of the secondary form are di- (dii-), ts- (j-), or ti-.)
2A – Second Person Set A Pronominal Prefix
Second form of the Distributive Prepronominal Prefix di – is used on the command form of the Immediate Verb Stem.
ᏗᏍᏗᎪᎵᏯ
disdigaliya
disdiigooliíya
di-sdii-gooliíya
DST2-2A.DL-examine:IMM
Examine them!
DST2 – Distributive Prepronominal Prefix Secondary Form (di – on adjectives, most nouns, and command form of the Immediate Verb Stem and all Infinitive Verb Stems. It is used to indicate nonsingular objects or multiple instances of an action. The variant forms of the secondary form are di- (dii-), ts- (j-), or ti-.)
2A.DL – Second Person Set A Dual Pronominal Prefix.
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